Service Marketing Mix and Customer Loyalty in Commercial Banks of Bangladesh: Investigating the Mediating Role of Customer Satisfaction
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51137/wrp.ijarbm.831Keywords:
Marketing Mix, Customer Satisfaction, Customer Loyalty, Commercial Banks, BangladeshAbstract
This study evaluates the impact of the service marketing mix on customer loyalty in commercial banks in Bangladesh and examines the mediating role of customer satisfaction in this relationship. Survey data were collected from 210 customers of commercial banks located in Dhaka City using a structured questionnaire and a convenience sampling approach. The collected data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling through SmartPLS version 4. The findings reveal that all seven elements of the service marketing mix product, price, place, promotion, people, process, and physical evidence have significant and positive relationships with customer satisfaction and customer loyalty. The results also highlight the importance of customer satisfaction as a key mechanism through which service marketing strategies can strengthen customer loyalty in the banking sector. The study provides useful implications for bank managers by identifying the strengths and weaknesses of existing marketing strategies and demonstrating how improved customer satisfaction can contribute to stronger customer retention and loyalty. From an academic perspective, this research contributes to the literature on service marketing and customer behavior in the banking industry. As the role of the service marketing mix in Bangladesh’s commercial banking sector has not been adequately explored, this study offers valuable insights into how effective service marketing strategies can enhance customer loyalty and support long-term sustainability through customer satisfaction.
References
Batten, J. A., & Vo, X. V. (2019). Determinants of Bank Profitability—Evidence from Vietnam. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 55(6), 1417. https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496x.2018.1524326
Alnaser, F. M. I., Ghani, M. A., Rahi, S., Mansour, M., & Abed, H. (2017). Determinants of customer loyalty: The role of service quality, customer satisfaction and bank image of Islamic banks in Palestine. International Journal of Economics & Management Sciences, 6, 461. https://doi.org/10.4172/2162-6359.1000461
Asekome, E. (2020). Effectiveness of Marketing Mix Strategies on Customer Satisfaction, Loyalty and Retention in Banking: Case Study of Zenith Bank Plc, Nigeria. Archives of Business Research, 8(1), 51. https://doi.org/10.14738/abr.81.7609
Alafeef, M. (2020). The Influence of Service Marketing Mix on Customer Loyalty towards Islamic Banks: Evidence from Jordan. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarafms/v10-i3/7862
Mandal, P. C. (2023). Changing Nature of Customer Relationships in Organizations. International Journal of Public Sociology and Sociotherapy, 3(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijpss.317920
Caruana, A. (2002). Service loyalty. European Journal of Marketing, 36, 811. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090560210430818
Siddiqi, K. O. (2011). Interrelations between Service Quality Attributes, Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty in the Retail Banking Sector in Bangladesh. International Journal of Business and Management, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v6n3p12
Gazi, Md. A. I., Masud, A. A., Sobhani, F. A., Islam, Md. A., Rita, T., Chaity, N. S., Das, M., & Senathirajah, A. R. bin S. (2024). Exploring the mediating effect of customer satisfaction on the relationships between service quality, efficiency, and reliability and customer retention, loyalty in E-banking performance in emerging markets. Cogent Business & Management, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2433707
Anika, A., Islam, M. S., & Ahmed, F. (2023). The Impact of Customer Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction: A study on Bangladeshi Banks. Research Square (Research Square). https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3795570/v
Sanchez, I. A., Churchill, C., Collins, D., Earne, J., El-Zoghbi, M., Ferrand, D., Gähwiler, B., Gibson, A., Johnson, S. O., Lauer, K., Ledgerwood, J., Lehman, J., Ribo, I. M., Mcconaghy, P., Miller, C., Nelson, C., O’Keeffe, G., Rutherford, S., Sherk, L., … Vincze, J. (2013). The New Microfinance Handbook. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-8927-0
Marei, A., Al-Haddad, S., Daoud, L., Habashneh, A., Fariz, R., & Aldamisi, R. (2022). The impact of innovation on customer satisfaction in the commercial banks: Business performance as a mediating variable. Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 10(3), 887. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.uscm.2022.3.006
Puspitasari, R. E., & Nisak, K. (2023). Factors Influencing Customer Satisfaction: Empirical Study at Bank Muamalat Madiun Branch. Etihad Journal of Islamic Banking and Finance, 3(2), 111. https://doi.org/10.21154/etihad.v3i2.7713
Susanto, S. A., Manek, M. V., Setiawan, R. A., & Mustikasari, F. (2023). Customer Experience in Digital Banking: The Influence of Convenience, Security, and Usefulness on Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty in Indonesia. Devotion Journal of Research and Community Service, 4(8), 1671. https://doi.org/10.59188/devotion.v4i8.544
Nguyễn, T. P. L., & Tran, H. V. C. (2020). Customer Perception towards Electronic Banking and its Relationship with Customer Satisfaction: An Evidence from Vietnam. International Journal of Business and Management, 15(7), 196. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v15n7p196
Gohil, S., Pravinbhai, R. B., & Ruiwale, A. (2023). A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CUSTOMER SATISFACTION OVER E-BANKING SERVICES OF PUBLIC SECTOR AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS. EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR), 313. https://doi.org/10.36713/epra12531
Zietsman, M. L., Mostert, P., & Svensson, G. (2023). Precursors and Outcomes of Perceived Value in B2B Banking Services: A Nomological Framework. Journal of Relationship Marketing, 22(4), 330. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332667.2023.2234812
Tampi, R. V. (2013). THE ROLE OF PERCEIVED VALUE AND PERCEIVED PRICE TO INFLUENCE CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AND CUSTOMER LOYALTY AT PT BANK SULUT. JURNAL RISET EKONOMI, MANAJEMEN, BISNIS DAN AKUNTANSI, 1(4), 1840. https://www.neliti.com/id/publications/1840/the-role-of-perceived-value-and-perceived-price-to-influence-customer-satisfacti
Guzovski, M., Rudančić, A., & Zgurić-Dobrenić, V. (2022). Distribution channels of banking services: Attitudes and preferences of clients. International Review, 24. https://doi.org/10.5937/intrev2202029g
Singh, S., & Arora, R. (2011). A Comparative Study of Banking Services and Customer Satisfaction in Public, Private and Foreign Banks. Journal of Economics, 2(1), 45. https://doi.org/10.1080/09765239.2011.11884936
Arista, D., Putu Rika, Nengah, S., I., Wayan, M., Ni, Yuda, Y., Ida Bagus Nyoman Krisna Prawira, & Komang, S. (2024). Managing Destination Marketing: Effective Strategies for Boosting Visits to Taman Mumbul Tourist Attraction, Sangeh, Bali. Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14602781
Irmawanti, A., & Puspita, R. E. (2021). Customer’s Decisions To Save In Sharia Banking Among Jakarta Millennial. Al-Amwal Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Perbankan Syari Ah, 13(1), 64. https://doi.org/10.24235/amwal.v13i1.8239
Wibowo, Y. G. (2021). Impact of Price, Product Quality, and Promotion on Consumer Satisfaction in Cosmetics and Skincare. Journal of Economics Finance and Management Studies, 4(7). https://doi.org/10.47191/jefms/v4-i7-11
Basrowi, B., Ali, J., Suryanto, T., & Utami, P. (2023). Islamic Banking Loyalty in Indonesia: The Role Brand Image, Promotion, and Trust. Share Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Keuangan Islam, 12(1), 75. https://doi.org/10.22373/share.v12i1.15338
Kharub, I., Lwin, M., Khan, A., & Mubin, O. (2021). Perceived Service Quality in HRI: Applying the SERVBOT Framework. Frontiers in Robotics and AI, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2021.746674
Ahmed, R. R., Vveinhardt, J., Štreimikienė, D., Ashraf, M., & Channar, Z. A. (2017). MODIFIED SERVQUAL MODEL AND EFFECTS OF CUSTOMER ATTITUDE AND TECHNOLOGY ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN BANKING INDUSTRY: MEDIATION, MODERATION AND CONDITIONAL PROCESS ANALYSIS. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 18(5), 974. https://doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2017.1368034
Khashman, R. M. K. (2023). Customer Satisfaction Quality in Banking Sector. International Journal of Business and Management, 18(2), 15. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v18n2p15
Vărzaru, D. C., & Vărzaru, A. A. (2016). The Contribution of the Human Resources Information System to Human Capital Performance Management within the Organization. DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals). https://doaj.org/article/c4d68df1bedd4101ae330e23a465c718
Ibrahim, M. A., Ruslan, R. A. M., Abdullah, M. F., & Ahmad, A. Hj. (2023). Navigating the Future: Exploring the Nexus between Robo-Advisor Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction. Information Management and Business Review, 15, 351. https://doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v15i3(si).3491
Megawati, I. (2023). Role of Brand Benefits in Financial Quality, Based on Responsiveness and Guarantee, and Its Implications for Customer Loyalty. Jurnal Ekonomi Bisnis & Entrepreneurship, 17(2), 410. https://doi.org/10.55208/jebe.v17i2.470
Alwehabie, A. (2020). The effect of the quality of electronic banking services on improving the level of communication and building trust with customers: case of the MENA countries. Accounting, 1151. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ac.2020.7.003
Farouk, B. (2024). The Impact of Internal Marketing Procedures on Banking Service Quality. RePEc: Research Papers in Economics. https://econpapers.repec.org/RePEc:bcp:journl:v:8:y:2024:i:2:p:784-799
Govender, K. K. (1999). Customers’ perception of bank service quality: The importance of employee service quality. South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences, 2(1), 115. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v2i1.2569
Yadollahi, S., Kazemi, A., & Ranjbarian, B. (2018). Identifying and prioritizing the factors of service experience in banks: A Best-Worst method. Decision Science Letters, 455. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.dsl.2018.1.002
Sikder, S., Rana, Md. M., & Polas, M. R. H. (2021). Service Quality Dimensions (SERVQUAL) and Customer Satisfaction towards Motor Ride-Sharing Services: Evidence from Bangladesh. Annals of Management and Organization Research, 3(2), 97. https://doi.org/10.35912/amor.v3i2.1184
Deventer, M. van, & Redda, E. H. (2021). Modeling the factors that explain customer loyalty in retail banking. Innovative Marketing, 17(3), 135. https://doi.org/10.21511/im.17(3).2021.11
Vlašić, G., Keleminić, K., & Šubić, R. (2022). Understanding drivers of consumer loyalty in the banking industry. Management, 27(1), 213. https://doi.org/10.30924/mjcmi.27.1.12
Mittal, V., Han, K., Frennea, C., Blut, M., Shaik, M., Bosukonda, N., & Sridhar, S. (2023). Customer satisfaction, loyalty behaviors, and firm financial performance: what 40 years of research tells us. Marketing Letters, 34(2), 171. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11002-023-09671-w
Rantung, D. I., Mandagi, D. W., Wuryaningrat, N. F., & Lelengboto, A. L. P. (2023). Small Medium Enterprises Brand Gestalt: A Key Driver of Customer Satisfaction and Repurchase Intention. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 8(6). https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i6.1463
Rizan, M., Warokka, A., & Listyawati, D. (2014). Relationship marketing and customer loyalty: Do customer satisfaction and customer trust really serve as intervening variables? Journal of Marketing Research and Case Studies, 2014, Article 724178. https://doi.org/10.5171/2014.724178
Ho, H., & Hung, C. (2008). Marketing mix formulation for higher education. International Journal of Educational Management, 22(4), 328. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513540810875662
Ivy, J. (2008). A new higher education marketing mix: the 7Ps for MBA marketing. International Journal of Educational Management, 22(4), 288. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513540810875635
Ampaw, E. M., Chai, J., & Frempong, J. (2019). Examining the overarching factors of clients’ loyalty based on the mobile insurance typology. South African Journal of Business Management, 50(1). https://doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v50i1.1418
Azizah, N., & Puspito, H. (2020). Satisfaction and Loyalty of Banking Customers in Indonesia. IPTEK Journal of Engineering, 6(3), 63. https://doi.org/10.12962/j23378557.v6i3.a7654
Pramesty, D. P., Sapar, S., & Aqsa, M. (2022). The Effect of the 7P Marketing Mix and Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction. Quantitative Economics and Management Studies, 3(2), 186. https://doi.org/10.35877/454ri.qems928
Kakeesh, D., Al-Weshah, G. A., & Al-Ma’aitah, N. (2021). Maintaining Customer Loyalty Using Electronic Customer Relationship Management (E-CRM): Qualitative Evidence from Small Food Businesses in Jordan. Studies of Applied Economics, 39(7). https://doi.org/10.25115/eea.v39i7.4810
Gupta, S., & Zeithaml, V. A. (2006). Customer metrics and their impact on financial performance. Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill). https://doi.org/10.17615/36cx-k633
Sosik, J. J., Kahai, S. S., & Piovoso, M. J. (2009). Silver Bullet or Voodoo Statistics? Group & Organization Management, 34(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601108329198
Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2013). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling: Rigorous Applications, Better Results and Higher Acceptance. Long Range Planning, 46, 1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2013.01.001
Byrne, B. M. (2000). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: basic concepts, applications, and programming. In CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research). European Organization for Nuclear Research. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315757421
Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Pieper, T. M., & Ringle, C. M. (2012). The Use of Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling in Strategic Management Research: A Review of Past Practices and Recommendations for Future Applications. Long Range Planning, 45, 320. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lrp.2012.09.008
Becker, J.-M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., & Völckner, F. (2014). How collinearity affects mixture regression results. Marketing Letters, 26(4), 643. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11002-014-9299-9
Cheung, G. W., Cooper‐Thomas, H. D., Lau, R. S., & Wang, L. C. (2023). Reporting reliability, convergent and discriminant validity with structural equation modeling: A review and best-practice recommendations [Review of Reporting reliability, convergent and discriminant validity with structural equation modeling: A review and best-practice recommendations]. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 41(2), 745. Springer Science+Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-023-09871-y
Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach for structural equation modeling. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1998-07269-010
Karim, R. A. (2020). Influence of Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction and Customer Loyalty in the Private Banking Sector of Bangladesh: A PLS Approach. Journal of Marketing and Information Systems, 1(3), 8. https://doi.org/10.31580/jmis.v1i3.1049
Sureshchandar, G. S., Rajendran, C., & Anantharaman, R. N. (2001). A Conceptual model for total quality management in service organizations. Total Quality Management, 12(3), 343. https://doi.org/10.1080/09544120120034492
Mainardes, E. W., & Freitas, N. P. de. (2023). The effects of perceived value dimensions on customer satisfaction and loyalty: a comparison between traditional banks and fintechs. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 41(3), 641. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijbm-10-2022-0437
Alshater, M. M., Khan, A., Hassan, M. K., & Paltrinieri, A. (2022). Islamic Banking: Past, Present and Future. Journal of College of Sharia & Islamic Studies, 41(1), 193. https://doi.org/10.29117/jcsis.2023.0351
Khan, Md. R., Pervin, Most. T., Arif, Md. Z. U., & Hossain, S. M. K. (2023). The impact of technology service quality on Bangladeshi banking consumers’ satisfaction during the pandemic situation: Green development and innovation perspective in banking service. Innovation and Green Development, 3(2), 100120–100120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.igd.2023.100120
Miah, Md. S. (2021). Investigating Structural Relationships among Service Quality Dimensions, Customer Satisfaction, and Customer Loyalty for Conventional Bank Customers: Evidence from Bangladesh. Asian Business Review, 11(3), 93. https://doi.org/10.18034/abr.v11i3.593
Oktaria, I. A., Rini, E. S., & Ginting, P. (2023). EFFECT OF SERVICE MARKETING MIX AND SERVICE QUALITY THROUGH CUSTOMER SATISFACTION ON CUSTOMER LOYALTY IN BANK BTPN ZAINUL ARIFIN MEDAN. International Journal of Economic Business Accounting Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS), 3(4), 1095–1103. https://doi.org/10.54443/ijebas.v3i4.982
Redwanuzzaman, Md., & Khan, W. (2021). Impact of Marketing Mix on Customer Satisfaction: A Study on Commercial Banks. Asian Business Review, 11(3), 109–116. https://doi.org/10.18034/abr.v11i3.598
Hair, J. F., Jr., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Hair, J. F., Jr., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Gudergan, S. P. (2024). Advanced issues in partial least squares structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications
Putra, A.J., Pertiwi, T.K. and Ichsanuddin, D. (2025) ‘Marketing mix and relationship marketing on customer loyalty with customer satisfaction as a mediation variable at BPRS Botani Bina Rahmah Bogor’, Economics and Business Journal (ECBIS), 3(6), pp. 551–570.
Bangladesh Bank (2026). Banks and financial institutions. Available at. https://www.bb.org.bd/en/index.php/financialactivity/bankfi
Martín‐Consuegra, D., Molina, A., & Talaya, Á. E. (2007). An integrated model of price, satisfaction and loyalty: an empirical analysis in the service sector. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 16(7), 459–468. https://doi.org/10.1108/10610420710834913
Varki, S., & Colgate, M. (2001). The Role of Price Perceptions in an Integrated Model of Behavioral Intentions. Journal of Service Research, 3(3), 232–240. https://doi.org/10.1177/109467050133004
Harun, M. A. (2022). Customers’ choice of the bank during the Covid-19 pandemic: the moderating effect of different banks in Bangladesh. South Asian Journal of Marketing, 4(1), 33–50. https://doi.org/10.1108/sajm-01-2022-0004
Rwanyarare, G., & Kalimba, P. (2023). Analysis of agency banking and customer satisfaction in Rwanda: A case of Bank of Kigali. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT, 17(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajbm2022.9426
Rapti, S. S., & Rahman, Md. M. (2022). Success Factors in Alternative Delivery Channels of Banking: Innovative Solutions to Meet the Challenges of Bank of the Future. Asian Journal of Managerial Science, 11(2), 12–25. https://doi.org/10.51983/ajms-2022.11.2.3246
Zubair, M., & Khan, M. Z. (2026). The Impact of Digital Economy on Bank Customers’ Satisfaction in Bangladesh. South Asian Research Journal of Business and Management, 8(1), 6–16. https://doi.org/10.36346/sarjbm.2026.v08i01.002
Hadera, A. (2020). Factors Influencing Customers’ Brand Loyalty in Ethiopian Banking Industry. Preprints.Org. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202008.0255.v1
Kusuma, P. P. W., & Saputri, L. G. E. A. (2025). Menggali Peran Distribusi dan Promosi dalam Menciptakan Pelanggan Setia: Studi Kasus pada PT Kongruen Medika Nasional. Journal of Innovative and Creativity (Joecy), 5(2), 9445–9452. https://doi.org/10.31004/joecy.v5i2.1549
Dwi, P., Erwin, S., Abdul, G., Rachma, A., Pambudi, Y. S., Cicik, S., Gaguk, A., Achmad, F., Buen, B., Sutanto, H., & Bambang, W. (2017). Russian Journal of Agricultural and Socio-Economic Sciences, 68(8). https://doi.org/10.18551/rjoas.2017-08
Sadeh, F., Rosa, H. B., i, & Alireza, M. (2012). Survey on the effectiveness of promotional and communication strategies adopted by financial services. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT, 6(44), 10925–10937. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajbm11.2554
Badrivishal, Mr. B. P., & Abid, M. K. (2026). Effectiveness Ways of Customer Satisfaction Improvement for Private Banks. Kaav International Journal of Economics Commerce & Business Management. https://doi.org/10.52458/23484969.2026.v13.iss1.kp.a2
Sohrabi, A., Khanbolooki, S., & Ghazavi, T. (2017). Investigating the relationship between marketing mix of Parsian banking services and customer loyalty according to the mediating role of customer satisfaction. Bulletin de La Société Royale Des Sciences de Liège, 421–433. https://doi.org/10.25518/0037-9565.6795
HAKIZIMANA, S., Wairimu, M.-M. C., & Stephen, M. (2023). Digital Banking Transformation and Performance-Where Do We Stand? International Journal of Management Research and Emerging Sciences, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.56536/ijmres.v13i1.404
Son, Y., Kwon, H. E., Tayi, G. K., & Oh, W. (2019). Impact of customers’ digital banking adoption on hidden defection: A combined analytical–empirical approach. Journal of Operations Management, 66(4), 418–440. https://doi.org/10.1002/joom.1066
Lidia, M. E. (2018). The emergence of the marketing mix in the banking sector. SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología. https://doaj.org/article/95461de24c90437f960c392e45594b6f
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Md Maniruzzaman, Mohammad Z. Raihan (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.