State of the Environmental Challenges on Changing Climate in Southern Africa

Abstract

The world faces serious environmental issues like climate change, pollution, biodiversity loss, and landscape changes, which affect all countries. These challenges are particularly severe in Southern African Development Community (SADC) countries. This study highlights major environmental problems in the region, including climate change, land degradation, deforestation, pollution, lack of clean water and sanitation, and poor urban conditions, all of which threaten the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Despite progress in environmental management, more action is needed. SADC governments, NGOs, the private sector, and other stakeholders must work together to address the root causes of these problems. Strengthening coordination and implementing key interventions across different sectors is crucial. Beyond environmental concerns, SADC faces geopolitical and economic challenges, including weak international trade, political instability, poverty, declining economic performance, and debt. The findings suggest that policymakers should develop and enforce policies that promote climate change adaptation from a broad, interdisciplinary, and cross-border perspective.